Product Description
This bestselling quick reference contains an accelerated introduction to the Java language and its key APIs, so seasoned programmers can start writing Java code right away. The third edition of Java in a Nutshell covers Java 1.2 and Java 1.3 beta. This book includes O'Reilly's classic-style quick-reference material for all the classes in the essential Java packages, includingjava.lang, java.io, java.beans java.math,java.net, java.security, java.text,java.util, and javax.crypto. Java Foundation Classes in a Nutshell is an essential companion to this book, as it covers the core GUI- and graphics-related classes in the Java 2 platform.
Amazon.com Review
The 3rd edition of the well-known reference, Java in a Nutshell, covers the essential APIs of Java 1.2, including networking, security, input and output, and basic language and utility classes. Due to the size of the Java 1.2 API, graphics and graphical user interface classes are now examined in a volume called Java Foundation Classes in a Nutshell, and server-side and enterprise programming are detailed in Java Enterprise in a Nutshell.

Though primarily a reference, the book starts off with a thorough, fast-paced introduction to Java, exploring all the key topics, including syntax, object-oriented programming, security, beans, and tools. These discussions are brief and very information-dense, and if you are buying this book to learn the language, you will probably be overwhelmed by the speed of this initiation.

This book intends to document quite a bit of Java, and it easily succeeds with broad coverage of Java programming in Part I, and API cataloging broken down by package in Part II. For example, discussions in Part I explain Types, Reflection, and Dynamic Loading. The handling of these topics takes a little over a page, but the book gives a useful overview with code examples that clearly illustrate the points made. It is one of the clearest and most concise treatments of these three topics available.

The chapters in Part II include an introduction, diagrams, and sections for each class in the package. The sections for each class can be very informative, as in the discussion of the Socket class in the java.net chapter, which includes how to instantiate a Socket object, getting I/O streams from the object you instantiated, and how to alter the behavior of sockets. This discussion, like most in this book, is brief, clear, and to the point.

If you are looking for a Java reference, this is a solid volume that will provide lasting value. --John Keogh

Topics covered: Part I, "Introducing Java," provides broad coverage of Java programming topics, including data types, syntax, classes, and objects; Java file structure; inner classes; interfaces; packages; creating and initializing objects; destroying and finalizing objects; input/output; cryptography; networking; security; threads; JavaBeans; JavaDoc; and tools that come with Java 1.2 SDK.

Part II, "The Java API Quick Reference," includes chapters on the following Java packages: java.beans, java.beans.beancontext, java.io, java.lang, java.lang.ref, java.lang.reflect, java.math, java.net, java.security, java.security.acl, java.security.cert, java.security.interfaces, java.security.spec, java.text, java.util, java.util.jar, java.util.zip, javax.crypto, javax.crypto.interfaces, javax.crypto.spec, and a final chapter, which provides an index for classes, methods, and fields.

Preface

PART 1: Introducing Java

Chapter 1. Introduction
   What Is Java?
   Key Benefits of Java
   An Example Program

Chapter 2. Java Syntax from the Ground Up
   The Unicode Character Set
   Comments
   Identifiers and Reserved Words
   Primitive Data Types
   Expressions and Operators
   Statements
   Methods
   Classes and Objects
   Array Types
   Reference Types
   Packages and the Java Namespace
   Java File Structure
   Defining and Running Java Programs
   Differences Between C and Java

Chapter 3. Object-Oriented Programming in Java
   The Members of a Class
   Creating and Initializing Objects
   Destroying and Finalizing Objects
   Subclasses and Inheritance
   Data Hiding and Encapsulation
   Abstract Classes and Methods
   Interfaces
   Inner Class Overview
   Static Member Classes
   Member Classes
   Local Classes
   Anonymous Classes
   How Inner Classes Work
   Modifier Summary
   C++ Features Not Found in Java

Chapter 4. The Java Platform
   Java Platform Overview
   Strings and Characters
   Numbers and Math
   Dates and Times
   Arrays
   Collections
   Types, Reflection, and Dynamic Loading
   Threads
   Files and Directories
   Input and Output Streams
   Networking
   Processes
   Security
   Cryptography

Chapter 5. Java Security
   Security Risks
   Java VM Security and Class File Verification
   Authentication and Cryptography
   Access Control
   Security for Everyone
   Permission Classes

Chapter 6. JavaBeans
   Bean Basics
   JavaBeans Conventions
   Bean Contexts and Services .TC CT1 7 "Java Programming and Documentation" .TC CT2 "Conventions" 189
   Naming and Capitalization Conventions
   Portability Conventions and Pure Java Rules
   Java Documentation Comments

Chapter 8. Java Development Tools
   appletviewer
   extcheck
   jar
   jarsigner
   java
   javac
   javadoc
   javah
   javakey
   javap
   jdb
   keytool
   native2ascii
   policytool
   serialver

PART 2: API Quick Reference .TC 0 "How To Use This Quick Reference" 239

Chapter 9. The java.beans Package

Chapter 10. The java.beans.beancontext Package

Chapter 11. The java.io Package

Chapter 12. The java.lang Package

Chapter 13. The java.lang.ref Package

Chapter 14. The java.lang.reflect Package

Chapter 15. The java.math Package

Chapter 16. The java.net Package

Chapter 17. The java.security Package

Chapter 18. The java.security.acl Package

Chapter 19. The java.security.cert Package

Chapter 20. The java.security.interfaces Package

Chapter 21. The java.security.spec Package

Chapter 22. The java.text Package

Chapter 23. The java.util Package

Chapter 24. The java.util.jar Package

Chapter 25. The java.util.zip Package

Chapter 26. The javax.crypto Package

Chapter 27. The javax.crypto.interfaces Package

Chapter 28. The javax.crypto.spec Package

Chapter 29. Class, Method, and Field Index

Index

INDEX:

Symbols
Symbols
+ addition operator, 34
+= operator, 35
[] array element access operator, 42
= assignment operator, 13, 40
* asterisk, 194
@author doc-comment tag, 194
@beaninfo doc-comment tag, 199
|
   Boolean OR operator, 38
   bitwise OR operator, 39
! Boolean NOT operator, 38
~ bitwise complement operator, 39
^
   Boolean XOR operator, 38
   bitwise XOR operator, 39
&
   Boolean AND operator, 38
   bitwise AND, 39
&& conditional AND operator, 37
? conditional operator, 41
|| conditional OR operator, 38
{} curly-brace character
   {@link} doc-comment tag, 194
/ division operator, 34
// single-line comments, 10-11, 20
/* */ multiline comments, 11, 20
/** */ doc comments, 21
@exception doc-comment tag, 195
-- decrement operator, 35
@deprecated doc-comment tag, 11, 13, 198
== equality operator, 36, 73
> greater than operator, 37
>= greater than/equal to operator, 37
>++ increment operator, 33, 35
< less than operator, 37
<= less than/equal to operator, 37
() method invocation operator, 43
% module operator, 34
* multiplication operator, 34
!= not equals operator, 36
. object member access operator, 42
@param doc-comment tag, 195
@return doc-comment tag, 195
@see doc-comment tag, 196
; semicolon
   in program lines, 10
   separating statements, 13
@serial doc-comment tag, 198
@serialData doc-comment tag, 198
@serialField doc-comment tag, 198
<< shift operator, left, 39
>> shift operator, signed right, 40
>>> shift operator, unsigned right, 40
@since doc-comment tag, 198
} single character, 15
- substraction operator, 34
+ symbol (URLEncoder), 416
@throws doc-comment tag, 196
() type conversion or casting operator, 43
- unary minus, 35
(_) underscore, 21
$ Unicode symbol, 21
<Ye> Unicode symbol, 21
<Po> Unicode symbol, 21
@version doc-comment tag, 195
Numbers
"100% Pure Java", 192

A
<A> HTML tag, 194
abstract classes, 110-112
   InstantiationError, 349
   InstantiationException, 349
abstract methods
   AbstractMethodError, 328
AbstractCollection class, 497
AbstractList class, 500
AbstractMap class, 500
AbstractSequentialList class, 501
AbstractSet class, 502
accept()
   FileFilter interface, 293
   FilenameFilter interface, 294
   ServerSocket class, 407
access control, 105-108, 166, 168-171
   classes implementing, 418
   classes, uniting with authenication classes, 418
   inheritance and, 107
   java.security package, 161
   java.security.acl Package, 453-456
   lists, package for, 137
   member accessibility, list of, 108
   modifiers, 105
   package for, 137
AccessControlContext class, 419
AccessControlException, 421
AccessController class, 170-171, 418, 422
AccessibleObject class, 381
ACL (Access Control List), 453
   Acl interface, 453
   AclEntry interface, 454
   AclNotFoundException, 454
actions, 171
activeCount() (ThreadGroup), 372
activeGroupCount() (ThreadGroup), 372
add(), 502
   AbstractCollection class, 497
   AbstractList class, 500
   Calendar class, 506
   Collection interface, 508
   HashSet class, 517
   LinkedList class, 520
   List interface, 521
   ListIterator interface, 522
   Set interface, 532
   TreeSet class, 539
   Vector class, 540
addAll()
   Collection interface, 508
   List interface, 521
addAttributes() (AttributedString), 479
addAttribute() (AttributedString), 479
addition (+) operator, 34
addObserver() (Observable), 528
addPropertyChangeListener(), 252, 260
addProvider() (Security), 444
addService() (BeanContextServices), 273
addShutdownHook(), 359
add() (Permissions), 441
Adler32 class, 550
after(), 506
AlgorithmParameterGenerator class, 422
AlgorithmParameterGeneratorSpi class, 423
AlgorithmParameters class, 423
AlgorithmParameterSpec interface, 470
algorithms (cryptography)
   RC2 encryption algorithm, 582
   RC5 encryption algorithm, 582
allAll() (Set), 532
AllPermission class, 425
animation, threads for, 150
Annotation class, 476
anonymous classes, 117, 127-130
   implementation, 132
   restrictions on, 129
   when to use, 129
APIs (application programming interface)
   Java (see Java API)
   JavaBeans (see JavaBeans API)
append() (StringBuffer), 366
AppletContext, 248
AppletInitializer interface, 248
applets, 168
   appletviewer for, 200-204
   security and, 166
AppletStub, 248
appletviewer program, 200-204
application programmers, security for, 172
applications
   client, 159
   networked, 158
applyPattern()
   ChoiceFormat class, 481
   DecimalFormat class, 487
   MessageFormat class, 491
   SimpleDateFormat class, 494
arbitrary-precision integers, package for, 137
arguments, 14
arithmetic operators, 34
ArithmeticException, 330
array element access ([]) operator, 42
array literals, 67
array types, 64-70
arraycopy(), 144
arraycopy() (System), 369
ArrayList class, 502
arrays, 28, 144
   Array class, 381-382
   ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException, 330
   Arrays class, 497, 503
   ArrayStoreException, 331
   comparing, 73
   copying, 71
   creating, 65
   multidimensional, 68
   NegativeArraySizeException, 353
   rectangular, 69
   treated as objects, 145
   using, 65
Arrays class, 144
asList() (Arrays), 503
assignment (=) operator, 40
   for variables, 13
associativity, 31
asterisk (*) in doc comments, 194
Attribute class, 478
AttributedCharacterIterator interface, 477
   Attribute class, 478
AttributedString class, 478-479
Attributes class, 544
   Name class, 546
authentication, 168
   classes implementing, 418
   classes, uniting with access control classes, 418
   classes used for, 161
   messages transmitted with secret key, 570
   package for, 137
Authenticator class, 395
@author doc-comment tag, 194
auxiliary classes, 186
available(), 299
avoidingGui(), 263
AWT programming, 178

B
BadPaddingException, 563
basic assignment (=) operator, 40
BasicPermission class, 425
BCSChild class, 279
BCSIterator class, 279
BCSSChild class, 276
BCSSProxyServiceProvider class, 276
BCSSServiceProvider class, 276
bean contexts, 181
beanbox applications, 180
beanbox tool, 179-180
BeanContext interface, 187, 264
BeanContext(), 188
BeanContextChild interface, 188, 266
BeanContextChildSupport class, 267
BeanContextContainerProxy interface, 268
BeanContextEvent class, 268
BeanContextMembershipEvent class, 269
BeanContextMembershipListener interface, 269
BeanContextProxy interface, 267, 270
BeanContextServiceAvailableEvent class, 270
BeanContextServiceProvider interface, 270
BeanContextServiceProviderBeanInfo interface, 271
BeanContextServiceRevokedEvent class, 271
BeanContextServiceRevokedListener interface, 272
BeanContextServices interface, 188, 272
BeanContextServices(), 188
BeanContextServicesListener interface, 274
BeanContextServicesSupport class, 188, 274
   BCSSChild class, 276
   BCSSProxyServiceProvider class, 276
   BCSSServiceProvider class, 276
BeanContextSupport class, 188, 276
   BCSChild class, 279
   BCSIterator class, 279
BeanDescriptor class, 249
BeanInfo class, 180, 182, 252
@beaninfo doc-comment tag, 199
BeanInfo interface, 249-250
beans, 178-179
   conventions for, 182
   distribution/packaging, 187
   (see also JavaBeans API)
Beans class, 248, 251
before(), 506
BigDecimal class, 142, 391
BigInteger class, 142, 393
binary data, reading arbitrarily, 154
binarySearch()
   Arrays class, 504
   Collections class, 509
BindException, 397
BitSet class, 497, 505
bitwise AND (&), 39
bitwise complement (~) operator, 39
bitwise OR (|) operator, 39
bitwise XOR (^) operator, 39
blank lines, 15
boolean AND (&) operator, 38
boolean data type, 332
   Boolean class, 328, 332
boolean NOT (!) operator, 38
boolean OR (|) operator, 38
boolean type, 23
boolean XOR (^) operator, 38
booleanValue(), 332
bound properties, 180, 183, 258
break statements, 52
BreakIterator class, 476, 479
BufferedInputStream class, 280, 282
BufferedOutputStream class, 280, 283
BufferedReader class, 282-283
BufferedWriter class, 284
bugs, security-related, 7
bytes
   ByteArrayInputStream class, 280
Byte class, 140
ByteArrayInputStream class, 157
byte-code, 8
   JIT compilers, 342
   VerifyError, 375
   verification of, 167
bytes
   Byte class, 328, 332
   ByteArrayInputStream class, 284
   ByteArrayOutputStream class, 280, 285
   CharConversionException, 287
   reading, 155
   streams of, 154

C
C programming language, vs. Java, 8, 80
C++ programming language
   features of not found in Java, 135
   vs. Java, 8, 80, 82
   virtual functions, 103
CA (certificate authority), 457
Calendar class, 143, 497, 506
   GregorianCalendar class, 516
cancel()
   Timer class, 536
   TimerTask class, 537
canRead() (File), 291
canWrite() (File), 291
capacity()
   ArrayList class, 502
   Vector class, 540
capitalization conventions, 189
case sensitivity, 10
casts, 27
catch clause, 58
certificate authority (CA), 457
Certificate class, 457, 462
   Certificate interface (java.security Package) vs., 457
   CertificateRep class, 459
   (see also X509Certificate class)
Certificate interface, 418, 425, 429, 451
   Certificate class (java.security.cert) vs., 457
certificate revocation lists (see CRLs)
CertificateException, 459
CertificateExpiredException, 460
CertificateFactory class, 460
CertificateFactorySpi class, 461
CertificateNotYetValidException, 461
CertificateParsingException, 461
CertificateRep class, 459
certificates (identity), 457-465
Character class, 140
character sets, 8
characters, 138-140
   char data type, 23, 333
   Character class, 328, 333
      Subset class, 335
      UnicodeBlock class, 335
   CharacterIterator interface, 480
   CharArrayReader class, 286
   CharArrayWriter class, 286
   CharConversionException, 287
   streams of, 154
   UnsupportedEncodingException, 325
CharArrayReader class, 157
CharArrayWriter class, 157
charAt(), 365
   StringBuffer class, 366
charValue(), 333
checkAccess()
   Thread class, 370
   ThreadGroup class, 372
CheckedInputStream class, 550
CheckedOutputStream class, 551
checkError(), 316
checkGuard() (Guard), 428
checkPermission()
   AccessControlContext class, 419
   AccessController class, 422
   Acl interface, 453
   SecurityManager class, 361
checkRead(), 168, 170
checksum
   computing, 155
   cryptographic-strength, 156
Checksum interface, 552
checkValidity() (X509Certificate), 462
childJustAddedHook() (BeanContextSupport), 277
childValue() (InheritableThreadLocal), 348
ChoiceFormat class, 476, 481
Cipher class, 164, 561, 563
   NullCipher class, 572
CipherInputStream class, 165, 566
CipherOutputStream class, 165, 566
CipherSpi class, 566
circular dependency, 339
Class class, 147
class fields, 83
class files, 79
   verification of, 167
class hierarchy, 97, 123
class methods, 84
Class objects, obtaining, 147
classes, 7, 28, 61
   abstract, 110-112
   access to, 106
   anonymous, 117, 127-130
   byte-code verification, not passing, 375
   capitalization/naming conventions, 189
   Class class, 328, 337
   ClassCastException, 338, 511
   ClassCircularityError, 339
   ClassFormatError, 339
   ClassLoader class, 339
   ClassNotFoundException, 340
   code source, 426
   constructors, fields, and methods, 381
   containing, 122
   core, package for, 136
   defining, 11, 62
      conventions/rules for, 192
   dynamic loading, 148
   extending, 96
   final, 97
   IllegalAccessError, 346
   IllegalAccessException, 346
   importing, 77
   IncompatibleClassChangeError, 347
   inner, 117
      how they work, 130-132
   InvalidClassException, 300
   LinkageError, 351
   local, 117
   member, 117, 119-123
   members of, 82-88
   NoClassDefFoundError, 353
   object, 97
   online documentation for, 21
   Permission, 173-177
   predefined, 4
   programs and, 11
   static member, 117-118
   tool for, 225-227
   undocumented, conventions/rules for, 191
   UnsatisfiedLinkError, 375
   UnsupportedClassVersionError, 375
   version number, tool for displaying, 236
clear(), 378
   Collection interface, 508
   List interface, 521
   Map interface, 525
   Reference class, 378
client connection requests, 159
Clock class, 150
clone(), 341
   Mac class, 571
   MessageDigest class, 437
   Object class, 356
Cloneable interface, 341
CloneNotSupportedException, 341
close(), 326
   BufferedWriter class, 284
   CharArrayWriter class, 286
   DatagramSocket class, 399
   DeflaterOutputStream class, 554
   FileInputStream class, 293
   FileOutputStream classes, 294
   GZIPInputStream class, 555
   GZIPOutputStream class, 555
   InputStream class, 299
   JarOutputStream class, 549
   OutputStream class, 312
   PrintWriter class, 316
   Reader class, 320
   Socket class, 407
   StringWriter class, 325
   ZipOutputStream class, 560
closeEntry()
   ZipInputStream class, 559
   ZipOutputStream class, 560
CodeSource class, 418, 426
CollationElementIterator class, 482
CollationKey class, 483
Collator class, 476, 483
   RuleBasedCollator class, 494
collections, 145-147
   arrays of, converting to objects, 146
   classes for working with, 497-543
   Collection interface, 508, 520
   Collections class, 497, 509
   elements of, searching/sorting, 146
   immutable or unmodifiable, error, 375
   Permission objects, 440
Collections methods, 146
comma in numeric values, 141
command()
   Compiler class, 342
commentChar(), 323
comments, 10-11, 20
   doc, 192-199
      tags for, 194
Comparable interface, 341
Comparator interface, 497, 511
compare()
   CollationElementIterator class, 482
   Collator class, 483
   Comparator interface, 511
compareTo(), 365
   BigDecimal class, 391
   BigInteger class, 393
   CollationKey class, 483
   Comparable interface, 341
comparison operators, 36
compileClass(), 342
compileClasses(), 342
Compiler class, 342
compiling programs, 10
compound statements, 16, 44
compression and decompression of data, 550-560
computing
   factorials, 16
   results, 14
concat(), 365
concatenating strings, 367
ConcurrentModificationException, 512, 519, 522
conditional (?) operator, 41
conditional AND (&&) operator, 37
conditional OR (||) operator, 38
configuration files, Properties class and, 146
connect()
   DatagramSocket class, 399
   PipedInputStream class, 313
   PipedOutputStream class, 314
   URLConnection class, 414
ConnectException, 398
constants, capitalization/naming conventions, 190
constrained properties, 180, 184-186, 258
   changes, prohibiting, 261
   conventions for, 184-186
constructors, 60, 88-90, 384
   chaining, 98-100
   classes, 381
   default, 98
   subclass, 97
containing
   classes, 122
   instances, 122
containment hierarchy, 123
containment protocol (JavaBeans), 187
contains()
   BeanContextMembershipEvent class, 269
   Collection interface, 508
   HashSet class, 517
   TreeSet class, 539
containsAll() (Collection), 508
containsKey()
   Map interface, 525
   TreeMap class, 539
containsValue() (Map), 525
ContentHandler class, 398
ContentHandlerFactory interface, 398
continue statements, 53
conventions
   capitalization, 189
   documentation, 189-199
   for portability, 190-192
   for JavaBeans, 181-187
   naming, 189
copy() (Collections), 510
countTokens(), 535
CRC32 class, 550, 552
createNewFile() (File), 291
createTempFile() (File), 291
CRL class, 461
   (see also X509CRL class)
CRLEntry class, 464
   (see also X509CRLEntry class)
CRLException, 462
CRLs, 457
   parsing from byte streams, 460
cryptographic checksum (see message digests)
cryptography, 137, 163-165, 168
   algorithms, parameters for, 423
   arbitrary-precision integers, using, 391
   DSA and RSA public and private keys, 466
   Java Cryptography Extension (JCE), 419
   javax.crypto Package, 561-575
   javax.crypto.interfaces Package, 576
   keys, invalid, 431
   keys/parameters, package for, 137
   private key, 442
   public and private key, 418
   resources for further reading, 562
   service provider, not available, 439
   symmetric-key, 163
   (see also encryption)
curly-brace characters ({})
   in classes, 11
   in main method, 13
current()
   BreakIterator class, 480
   CharacterIterator interface, 481
currentThread() (Thread), 370
currentTimeMillis() (System), 369
Customizer class, 181
Customizer interface, 249, 251

D
data
   compressing and writing to file, 155
   hiding, 104-110
   streaming, 154
data accessor methods, 108-110
data types
   primitive, 22-29, 332-333, 342, 345, 349, 351, 362
DataFormatException, 553
DatagramPacket class, 161, 395, 399
DatagramSocket class, 161, 399
DatagramSocketImpl class, 400
DatagramSocketImplFactory interface, 401
DataInput interface, 287
DataInputStream class, 280, 288
DataOutput interface, 289
DataOutputStream class, 280, 289
Date class, 143, 497, 512
DateFormat class, 143, 476, 484
DateFormatSymbols class, 486
dates, 143
deadlock, 151
debugger for Java, 227-231
decimal places, specifying, 391
DecimalFormat class, 476, 487
DecimalFormatSymbols class, 488
declaring variables, 13
decode()
   Byte class, 332
   Integer class, 349
   Short class, 363
   URLDecoder class, 416
decrement (--) operator, 35
decrypting data (see encrypting and decrypting data)
decryption, 163
   package for, 137
default constructor, 98
defaulted() (GetField), 305
defaultReadObject(), 304, 321
defaultWriteObject() (ObjectOutputStream), 307, 321
defineClass() (SecureClassLoader), 446
definePackage() (ClassLoader class), 339
defining
   classes, 11
   methods, 12
deflate() (Deflater), 553
Deflater class, 550, 553
DeflaterOutputStream class, 550, 554
delete()
   File class, 291, 295
   StringBuffer class, 366
deleteCharAt() (StringBuffer), 366
deleteEntry() (KeyStore), 436
deleteOnExit() (File), 291
@deprecated doc-comment tag, 198
DESedeKeySpec class, 578
deserializing objects, 157
design patterns (see conventions)
DesignMode interface, 252
DESKeySpec class, 579
destroy() (Process), 358
DHGenParameterSpec class, 580
DHKey interface, 576
DHParameterSpec class, 580
DHPrivateKey interface, 577
DHPrivateKeySpec class, 580
DHPublicKey interface, 577
DHPublicKeySpec class, 581
diagrams, class-hierarchy, 97
Dictionary class, 513
Diffie-Hellman key-agreement algorithm, 567
   parameters, generating set, 580
   public/private keys, 137, 576, 578
   three-party agreement, 568
digest() (MessageDigest), 427, 437
DigestInputStream class, 419, 427
DigestOutputStream class, 419, 427
digital signatures, 162, 169
   classes for, 169
   tool for, 223-225
digit(), 333
directories, 153-154
disable()
   Compiler class, 342
disconnect(), 402
   DatagramSocket class, 399
displaying output, 14
division (/) operator, 34
do statements, 50
doc comments, 21, 192-199
   {@link} doc-comment tag, 194
   body of, 193
   images in, 194
   for packages, 199
   spaces in, 194
   structure of, 193
   tags for, 193-199
documentation
   conventions for, 189-199
   tool for, 217-221
doFinal()
   Cipher class, 564
   Mac class, 571
DomainCombiner interface, 428
dontUseGui(), 263
doPhase() (KeyAgreement), 568
doPrivileged() (AccessController), 422, 443
Double class, 140, 342
double data type, 342
double type, 14
doubleToLongBits(), 343
DSA and RSA public and private keys, 466
   representing and encoding, 470-475
DSAKeyPairGenerator interface, 467
DSAParameterSpec interface, 471
DSAParams interface, 467
DSAPrivateKey interface, 468
DSAPrivateKeySpec interface, 471
DSAPublicKey interface, 468
DSAPublicKeySpec interface, 472
dynamic class loading, 148
dynamic loading, 147
dynamic method lookup, 102

E
elementAt() (Vector) , 540
elements()
   Hashtable class, 518
   Permissions class, 441
   Vector class, 540
else if clause, 47
emacs text editor, 10
empty statements, 45
EmptyStackException, 514
enable() (Compiler), 342
enableReplaceObject() (ObjectOutputStream), 322
enableResolveObject() (ObjectOutputStream), 322
encapsulation, 104-110
EncodedKeySpec interface, 472
encoding, 20
   tool for, 234
encrypting and decrypting data, 561-575
encryption, 163
   public-key, 162
      package for, 137
   (see also cryptography)
end users, security for, 173
endsWith(), 365
engineSetMode() (CipherSpi), 566
engineSetPadding() (CipherSpi), 566
enqueue() (Reference), 378
ensureCapacity()
   ArrayList class, 502
   Vector class, 541
entries(), 558
   JarFile class, 547
Entry interface (Map), 526
entrySet()
   AbstractMap class, 500
   Map interface, 525-526
   SortedMap interface, 533
enumerate() (ThreadGroup), 372
enumeration() (Collections), 510
Enumeration interface, 514
   Iterator interface vs., 519
EOFException, 290
eolIsSignificant(), 323
equality (==) operator, 36, 73
equals(), 539-540, 542
   Arrays class, 504
   Collator class, 483
   Comparator class, 342
   Hashtable class, 518
   Object class, 356
equalsIgnoreCase(), 365
Error class, 328, 343
errors (see exceptions)
escape characters, 23
evaluation, order of, 33
event models, conventions/rules for, 192
EventListener interface, 180, 252
EventObject class, 180
events, 180
   bean-context related, 268
   conventions for, 185
   EventListener, 515
   EventObject class, 515
   EventSetDescriptor class, 252
   notifying of new service class, 270
examples in this book available online, xv
@exception doc-comment tag, 195
exceptions, 17, 55-57
   certificates, 459
   Exception class, 328, 344
   ExceptionInInitializerError, 344
   IllegalMonitorStateException, 347
   Throwable interface, 328, 374
exec() (Runtime), 191, 295, 359
exists() (File), 291
exit()
   Runtime class, 359
   System class, 369
exitValue() (Process), 358
export regulations (cryptographic technology), 561
expressions, 29
   combining, caution with, 35
   statements, 44
extcheck utility, 204-206
Externalizable interface, 290

F
FeatureDescriptor class, 248-249, 252-253, 256
fields
   capitalization/naming conventions, 190
   classes, 381
   defaults, 90-92
   Field class, 384
   FieldPosition class, 489
   input, output, and error (system), 369
   NoSuchFieldError, 354
   NoSuchFieldException, 354
   shadowing, 100
File class, 153
file protocol, 158
file separators, 200
file structure, 78
FilenameFilter interface, 294
filenames, 11
   hardcoded, 192
files, 153-154
   class, 79
   File class, 280, 290
   FileDescriptor class, 292
   FileFilter interface, 293
   FileInputStream class, 280, 293, 296
   FilenameFilter interface, 280, 294
   FileNameMap interface, 401
   FileNotFoundException, 294
   FileOutputStream class, 280, 294
   FilePermission class, 295
   FileReader class, 296
   FileWriter class, 296
   RandomAccessFile class, 280, 319
   text, reading, 154
   ZipFile class, 558
fill()
   Arrays class, 504
   Collections class, 510
fillInStackTrace(), 374
FilterInputStream class, 280
   CheckedInputStream class, 550
FilterOutputStream class, 280, 297
FilterReader class, 297
FilterWriter class, 298
final classes, 97
final methods, static method lookup and, 103
finalization, 92-95
finalize() (Object), 356
finalizers, 94
   chaining and, 99
finally clause, 58
findClass() (ClassLoader), 339
findEditor() (PropertyEditorManager), 260
findResource() (ClassLoader), 340
findResources() (ClassLoader), 340
firePropertyChange(), 258, 260
fireVetoableChange(), 262
first()
   BreakIterator class, 480
   CharacterIterator interface, 480
   SortedSet interface, 534
firstKey() (SortedMap), 533
floating-point data types, 137, 141, 323, 391
   Float class, 140, 328, 345
floatToIntBits(), 345
floatValue(), 345
flush(), 326
   BufferedOutputStream class, 283
   BufferedWriter class, 284
   CharArrayWriter class, 286
   CipherOutputStream class, 566
   DataOutputStream class, 289
   OutputStream class, 312
   PrintWriter class, 316
   StringWriter class, 325
following() (BreakIterator), 480
for statements, 51
forClass() (ObjectStreamClass), 309
forDigit(), 333
format()
   ChoiceFormat class, 481
   DateFormat class, 485
   Format class, 490
   MessageFormat class, 490
   NumberFormat class, 492
Format class, 490
forName() (Class), 337, 339
freeMemory(), 359
ftp: protocol, 158
functions (see methods)

G
garbage collection, 74, 92
   OutOfMemoryError, 357
   system, 369
   WeakHashMap class, 542
garbage collector, Java programs and, 377
gc(), 359
   System class, 369
gcd(), 393
GeneralSecurityException, 428
generateCertificates() (CertificateFactory), 460
generateCertificate() (CertificateFactory), 460, 462
generateCRLs() (CertificateFactory), 460
generateCRL() (CertificateFactory), 460, 463
generateKey() (KeyGenerator), 570
generateKeyPair() (KeyPairGenerator), 467
generateParameters() (AlgorithmParameterGenerator), 422
generatePrivate() (KeyFactory), 432
generatePublic() (KeyFactory), 432
generateSecret()
   KeyAgreement class, 568
   SecretKeyFactory class, 574
generateSeed() (SecureRandom), 447
generating quick reference material, xvi
genKeyPair() (KeyPairGenerator), 434
get(), 414, 500
   Array class, 382
   ArrayList class, 502
   Calendar class, 506
   Field class, 384
   GetField class, 305
   HashMap class, 516
   Hashtable class, 518
   LinkedList class, 520
   List interface, 521
   Map interface, 525
   PhantomReference class, 378
   Reference class, 378
   ReferenceQueue class, 379
   ThreadLocal class, 373
   TreeMap class, 539
   WeakHashMap class, 542
get accessor method, 181
getAbsoluteFile() (File), 291
getAbsolutePath() (File), 291
getAddress() (InetAddress), 403
getAlgorithm() (Key), 431
getAllAttributeKeys() (AttributedCharacterIterator), 477
getAllByName() (InetAddress), 403
getAttribute() (AttributedCharacterIterator), 477
getAttributes()
   AttributedCharacterIterator interface, 477
   JarEntry class, 546
   Manifest class, 549
getAvailableIDs() (TimeZone), 537
getAvailableLocales(), 524
   Collator class, 483
   NumberFormat class, 491
getBeanContextProxy() (BeanContextProxy), 267, 270
getBeanDescriptor(), 250
getBeanInfo(), 255
getBeginIndex()
   CharacterIterator interface, 481
   FieldPosition class, 489
getBoolean(), 332
getBuffer() (StringWriter), 325
getBundle(), 531
getByName(), 403
getCanonicalFile() (File), 291
getCanonicalPath() (File), 291
getCertificate() (KeyStore), 435
getCertificateChain() (KeyStore), 435
getCertificates() (JarEntry), 546
getCharacterInstance() (BreakIterator), 479
getChecksum()
   CheckedInputStream class, 551
   CheckedOutputStream class, 552
getClass()
   Class class, 337
   Object class, 356
getClassName(), 527
getCollationElementIterator(), 482
getCollationKey(), 483
   Collator class, 484
getConstructor() (Class), 384
getContainer() (BeanContextContainerProxy), 268
getContent()
   ContentHandler class, 398
   URL class, 412
   URLConnection class, 414
getContentEncoding(), 414
getContentLength(), 414
getContents() (ListResourceBundle), 523
getContentType(), 414
getContext() (AccessController), 419, 422
getCurrencyInstance() (NumberFormat), 491
getCurrentServiceClasses() (BeanContextServices), 272
getCurrentServiceSelectors()
   BeanContextServiceAvailableEvent class, 270
   BeanContextServices interface, 272
getDate() (URLConnection), 414
getDateInstance() (DateFormat), 484
getDateTimeInstance() (DateFormat), 484
getDeclaringClass()
   Field class, 384
   Member interface, 386
   Method class, 385
getDefault()
   Locale class, 524
   TimeZone class, 537
getDefaultEventIndex(), 250
getDefaultPropertyIndex(), 250
getDisplay methods (Locale), 524
getEncoded()
   AlgorithmParameters class, 423
   Certificate class, 457
   Key interface, 431
getEncoding()
   InputStreamReader class, 300
   OutputStreamWriter class, 312
getEndIndex()
   CharacterIterator interface, 481
   FieldPosition class, 489
getEntries() (Manifest), 549
getEntry() (ZipFile), 558
getenv() (Systems), 191
getEventSetDescriptors(), 250
getException() (PrivilegedActionException), 443
getExceptionTypes(), 384, 387
getExpiration(), 414
getFD(), 292
getField() (ObjectStreamClass), 309
GetField class, 305
getFields() (ObjectStreamClass), 309
getFile(), 412
getFormat()
   Key interface, 431
   SecretKey interface, 573
getHeaderField(), 414
getHeaderFieldDate(), 414
getHeaderFieldInt(), 414
getHost(), 412
getIcon() (SimpleBeanInfo), 250
getID() (TimeZone), 537
getIndex()
   CharacterIterator interface, 481
   ParsePosition class, 493
getInetAddress()
   DatagramSocket class, 399
   Socket class, 407
getInfo() (Provider), 444
getInputStream()
   JarFile class, 547
   Process class, 358
   Socket class, 407
   URLConnection class, 414
   ZipFile class, 558
getInstance()
   AlgorithmParameterGenerator class, 422
   Calendar class, 506, 516
   CertificateFactory class, 460
   Cipher class, 563
   Collator class, 483, 494
   DateFormat class, 485
   KeyAgreement class, 567
   KeyGenerator class, 569-570
   KeyPairGenerator class, 434, 467
   KeyStore class, 435
   Mac class, 570
   MessageDigest class, 437
   SecretKeyFactory class, 573
   SecureRandom class, 446
   Signature class, 448
getInstanceOf() , 251
getInstance()
   CertificateFactory class, 460
   Collator class, 140, 483, 494
   DateFormat class, 485
   KeyPairGenerator interface, 467
   NumberFormat class, 491
getInt()
   Array class, 382
getInteger(), 349
getInterfaces(), 337
getInvocationHandler() (Proxy), 389
getISOCountries() (Locale), 524
getISOLanguages() (Locale), 524
getIterator() (AttributedString), 479
getIV() (Cipher), 564
getJarEntry() (JarFile), 547
getKey(), 527
   Entry interface, 526
   KeyStore class, 435
getKeys()
   ListResourceBundle class, 523
   ResourceBundle class, 531
getKeySpec()
   KeyFactory class, 432
   SecretKeyFactory class, 574
getLastModified(), 414
getLength() (Array), 383
getLineInstance() (BreakIterator), 479
getLineNumber() (LineNumberReader), 302
getLocalHost() (InetAddress), 403
getLocalPort(), 399
   Socket class, 407
getLong(), 351
getMacLength() (Mac), 571
getMainAttributes() (Manifest), 549
getManifest()
   JarFile class, 547
   JarInputStream class, 548
getMessage()
   Error class, 343
   Exception class, 344
   Throwable interface, 374
   WriteAbortedException, 326
getMethod() (Class), 387
getMethodDescriptors(), 250
getModifiers(), 388
   Field class, 384
   Member interface, 386
getModulus() (RSAKey), 468
getName()
   Class class, 337
   Field class, 384
   File class, 291
   Member class, 386
   Member interface, 386
   Provider class, 444
getNextEntry()
   JarInputStream class, 548
   ZipInputStream class, 559
getNextJarEntry() (JarInputStream), 548
getNextUpdate() (X509CRL), 463
getObject()
   GuardedObject class, 429
   ResourceBundle class, 531
   SealedObject class, 572
   SignedObject class, 450
getObjectStreamClass() (GetField), 305
getOffset() (TimeZone), 537
getOption() (SocketOptions), 410
getOutputSize() (Cipher), 564
getOutputStream()
   Process class, 358
   Socket class, 407
   URLConnection class, 414
getPackage()
   ClassLoader class, 339
   Package class, 357
getPackages() (Package), 357
getParameters() (Cipher), 564
getParameterTypes(), 384, 387
getParams() (DHKey), 576
getParent()
   File class, 291
   ThreadGroup class, 372
getParentFile() (File), 291
getPassword() (PasswordAuthentication), 406
getPasswordAuthentication() (Authenticator), 396
getPath() (File), 291
getPercentInstance() (NumberFormat), 491
getPermission(), 421
getPermissions()
   Policy class, 441
   SecureClassLoader class, 446
getPolicy() (Policy), 441, 448
getPort(), 412
   DatagramSocket class, 399
   Socket class, 407
getPropagatedFrom() (BeanContextEvent), 268
getProperty()
   Properties class, 528
   System class, 368
   System interface, 529
getPropertyDescriptors(), 250
getProtectionDomain() (Class), 444
getProtocol(), 412
getProviders() (Security), 448
getProxyClass() (Proxy), 388
getPublicKey()
   Certificate class, 457
   X509Certificate class, 462
getRef(), 412
getRequesting(), 397
getResource(), 188
   BeanContext interface, 264
   ClassLoader class, 339
getResourceAsStream(), 188
   BeanContext interface, 264
   ClassLoader class, 339
getResources() (ClassLoader), 339
getResponseCode(), 402
getResponseMessage(), 402
getReturnType(), 387
getRevokedCertificate() (X509CRL), 463
getRunLimit() (AttributedCharacterIterator), 477
getRunStart() (AttributedCharacterIterator), 477
getRuntime(), 359
getSecurityManager() (System), 369
getSentenceInstance() (BreakIterator), 479
getSerialVersionUID()(ObjectStreamClass), 309
getService(), 188
   BeanContextServiceProvider interface, 270
   BeanContextServices interface, 272-273
getServiceClass()
   BeanContextServiceAvailableEvent class, 270
   BeanContextServiceRevokedEvent class, 271
getServicesBeanInfo() (BeanContextServiceProviderBeanInfo), 271
getSource() (EventObject), 515
getSourceString()
   CollationKey class, 483
getSpecificationVersion() (Package), 357
getString() (ResourceBundle) , 531"
getStringArray() (ResourceBundle), 531
getSubjectDN() (X509Certificate), 457, 462
getSuperclass(), 337
getTargetException() (InvocationTargetException), 386
getThisUpdate() (X509CRL), 463
getThreadGroup() (Thread), 370
getTimeInstance() (DateFormat), 484
getTimeZone() (TimeZone), 537
getType()
   Character class, 333
   Field class, 384
getUndeclaredThrowable() (UndeclaredThrowableException), 389
getValue()
   CheckedInputStream class, 551
   CheckedOutputStream class, 552
   Checksum interface, 552
   Entry interface, 526
getVersion() (Provider), 444
getWordInstance() (BreakIterator), 479
getX() (DHPrivateKey), 577
getY() (DHPublicKey), 577
graphical user interfaces (see GUIs)
greater than (>) operator, 37
greater than/equal to (=>) operator, 37
GregorianCalendar class, 516
Group interface, 455
Guard interface, 428
GuardedObject class, 419, 429
guessContentTypeFromName() (URLConnection), 401
GUIs
   beans, specifying need for , 263
   components, 178
GZIPInputStream class, 555
GZIPOutputStream class, 555

H
halt(), 359
handleGetObject()
   ListResourceBundle class, 523
   ResourceBundle class, 531
hardcoded filenames, conventions/rules for, 192
hasChanged() (Observable), 527
hashCode()
   Hashtable class, 518
   Object class, 356
HashMap class, 145, 516
HashSet class, 517
Hashtable class, 518
hasMoreElements()
   Enumeration class, 514
   StringTokenizer class, 535
hasMoreTokens() (StringTokenizer), 535
hasNext(), 501
   Iterator class, 497
   Iterator interface, 519
   ListIterator interface, 522
hasPrevious(), 501
   ListIterator interface, 522
hasService(), 188
   BeanContextServices interface, 272
headMap() (SortedMap), 533
headSet() (SortedSet), 534
hierarchy
   class, 123
   containment, 123
HTML tags in doc comments, 192, 194
http: protocol, 158
HttpURLConnection class, 402

I
identifiers, 21
identity certificates (see certificates)
Identity class, 429
identityHashCode() (System), 369
IdentityScope class, 430
if/else statements, 46
IllegalAccessError, 346
IllegalAccessException, 346
IllegalArgumentException, 346
IllegalBlockSizeException, 567
IllegalMonitorStateException, 347
IllegalStateException, 347
IllegalThreadStateException, 347
images in doc comments, 194
implementations, 131
   conventions/rules for, 191
implies()
   AllPermission class, 425
   BasicPermission class, 425
   CodeSource class, 426
   Permission class, 439
   PermissionCollection class, 440
   Permissions class, 441
   ProtectionDomain class, 444
IncompatibleClassChangeError, 347
increment (++) operator, 33, 35
inDaylightTime() (TimeZone), 537
index(), 501
indexed properties, 180
IndexedPropertyDescriptor class, 254
indexOf()
   List interface, 521
   String class, 365
IndexOutOfBoundsException, 348
InetAddress class, 395, 403
inflate() (Inflater), 556
Inflater class, 550, 556
InflaterInputStream class, 550, 556
InfoBus standard extension, 179
InheritableThreadLocal class, 348
inheritance, 95-104
   vs. scope for member classes, 123
init()
   Cipher class, 564
   KeyAgreement class, 568
   KeyGenerator class, 569
   Mac class, 571
initialization vectors (Cipher), 564, 581
initialize() (KeyPairGenerator), 434, 467
initializeBeanContextResources() (BeanContextChildSupport), 267
initializers, 90-92
   ExceptionInInitializerError, 344
   IllegalAccessException, 346
initialValue() (ThreadLocal), 373
initSign() (Signature), 449
initVerify() (Signature) , 449
inner classes, 117
   how they work, 130-132
input
   parsing, 13
   reading lines of, 154
   valid, checking for, 15
input streams, 154-158
   BufferedInputStream class, 280, 282
   ByteArrayInputStream class, 280, 284
   CheckedInputStream class, 550
   CipherInputStream class, 566
   DataInputStream class, 280, 288
   FileInputStream class, 280, 293, 296
   FilterInputStream class, 280
   GZIPInputStream class, 555
   InflaterInputStream class, 550, 556
   InputStream class, 280, 299
   InputStreamReader class, 300
   JarInputStream class, 548
   LineNumberInputStream class, 302
   ObjectInputStream class, 282, 304
   package for, 136
   PipedInputStream class, 280, 313
   PushbackInputStream class, 318
   SequenceInputStream class, 321
   StreamCorruptedException, 322
   system, 369
   ZipInputStream class, 559
input strings
   StringBufferInputStream class, 324
InputStream class, 154
insert() (StringBuffer), 366
insertProviderAt() (Security), 444
instance fields, 85
instance methods, 85-88
instanceof operator, 42
instantiate(), 248
   Beans class, 251
instantiateChild() (BeanContext), 264
InstantiationError, 349
InstantiationException, 349
int data type, 349
intBitsToFloat(), 345
Integer class, 140, 328, 349
integers, 24
   arbitrary-precision, math, 391
   BigInteger class, 393
interfaces, 112-116
   capitalization/naming conventions, 189
   defining, 112
   extending, 116
   implementing, 113
   InstantiationError, 349
   marker, 116
   multiple, implementing, 116
   using/when to use, 114
InternalError, 350
internationalization, 8
   applications, package for, 137
interrupt()
   Thread class, 370
   ThreadGroup class, 372
InterruptedException, 350
InterruptedIOException, 300, 400, 407
introspection (JavaBeans), 180
IntrospectionException, 254
Introspector class, 180, 248, 250, 255
InvalidClassException, 300
InvalidKeyException, 431
InvalidKeySpecException, 472
InvalidObjectException, 301
InvalidParameterException, 431
InvalidParameterSpecException, 473
InvocationHandler interface, 381, 385
InvocationTargetException, 386
invoke(), 387, 389
   InvocationHandler interface, 385
invoking methods, 12
IOException, 301
isAbsolute() (File), 291
isAbstract(), 388
isAlive() (Thread), 370
isCompatibleWith() (Package), 357
isCurrentServiceInvalidNow() (BeanContextServiceRevokedEvent), 271
isDesignTime(), 188, 251
isDirectory() (File), 291
isEmpty()
   Collection interface, 508
   Map interface, 525
isEnqueued() (Reference), 378
isFile() (File), 291
isGuiAvailable(), 251
isHidden() (File), 291
isInfinite()
   Double class, 342
   Float class, 345
isInstanceOf() (Bean), 251
isInterface() (Class), 337
isInterrupted() (Thread), 370
isNaN()
   Double class, 342
   Float class, 345
isProbablePrime(), 393
isPropagated() (BeanContextEvent), 268
isProxyClass() (Proxy), 389
isPublic(), 388
isRevoked() (CRL), 461, 463
isSealed() (Package), 357
iterations, 17
iterator(), 534
   AbstractCollection class, 497
   BeanContextMembershipEvent class, 269
   List interface, 521
   Set interface, 526
Iterator interface, 145, 497, 519
IvParameterSpec class, 581

J
J2EE (Java 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition), 6
JAR files, 169
   archive, conventions for, 187
   classes for reading and writing files, 544-549
   files, retrieving, 404
   manifest, format of, 544
   package for, 137
   tools for, 204-208
JarEntry class, 544, 546
JarException, 547
JarFile class, 544, 547
JarInputStream class, 544, 548
JarOutputStream class, 544, 548
jarsigner tool, 206-208
JarURLConnection class, 404, 544
Java, 3-8
   benefits of, 6-8
   vs. C programming language, 8, 80
   vs. C++ programming language, 8, 80, 82
   case sensitivity, 10
   files, 153-154
   learning, 20
   object-oriented programming in, 82-135
   performance, 8
   programmers and, 4
   version 1.0, 5
      access control, 168
   version 1.1, 5
      classes, digitally signed, 169
      security and, 167
   version 1.2, 5
      access-control architecture, 170
      array-manipulation methods, 144
      collections, 145
      File class, 153
      permissions/policies, 170
      policy file, additional, 173
      programs, running, 79
   version 1.3, 6
Java 2 Platform, 5
   Enterprise Edition, 6
   Micro Edition, 6
   security, 7
Java Activation Framework standard extension, 179
Java API, 14, 166
Java Cryptography Extension (JCE), 168, 419, 561
Java Development Kit (see SDK)
.java file extension, 78
Java in a Nutshell, companion books, xi
Java interpreter, 4, 208-213
   InternalError, 350
   Java program, 10
   OutOfMemoryError, 357
   running programs, 79
   StackOverflowError, 363
Java platform, 4, 136-165
   Standard Edition, 6
Java Plug-in, 6
Java programming
   commercial products for, 9
   conventions for, 189-199
   example program, 9-18
   language, 3
   online resources, xiv
   online tutorial, 17
   programs
      classes and, 11
      compiling, 10
      running, 10
   syntax, 19-81
Java Runtime Environment (see JRE)
Java virtual machine
   UnknownError, 374
   VirtualMachineError, 376
Java VM (Java Virtual Machine), 4
   Microsoft implementation, security and, 167
   security, 167
java.awt package, 178
java.awt.peer package, conventions/rules for, 191
JavaBeans API, 178-188
   BeanDescriptor class, 249
   BeanInfo interface, 250
   beans, 178
   Beans class, 251
   components, 178
   conventions for, 179, 181-187
   Customizer interface, 251
   EventSetDescriptor class, 252
   Feature Descriptor class, 253
   IndexedPropertyDescriptor class, 254
   IntrospectionException, 254
   Introspector class, 255
   MethodDescriptor class, 255
   objects, package for, 136
   ParameterDescriptor class, 256
   PropertyChangeEvent class, 256
   PropertyChangeListener interface, 257
   PropertyChangeSupport class, 258
   PropertyDescriptor class, 258
   PropertyEditor interface, 259
   PropertyEditorManager class, 260
   PropertyEditorSupport class, 260
   PropertyVetoException, 261
   SimpleBeanInfo class, 261
   VetoableChangeListener interface, 256, 262
   VetoableChangeSupport class, 262
   Visibility interface, 263
java.beans package, 136, 178, 248-263
java.beans.beancontext packages, 136, 178, 181, 187, 264-279
javac compiler, 10, 213-216
javadoc program, 21, 217-221
   HTML documentation, creating, 192
javah program, 221
java.io package, 136, 154, 156-157, 280-327
   objects, serializing/deserializing, 157
javakey program, 169, 223-225
java.lang package, 136, 140, 328-376
java.lang.ref package, 136, 377-380
java.lang.reflect package, 137, 147, 381-390
java.math package, 137, 142, 391-394
java.net package, 137, 158, 395-417
javap class disassembler, 225-227
java.policy file, 172
java.security package, 137, 156, 161, 163, 169, 418-452
java.security.acl package, 137, 453-456
java.security.cert package, 137, 457-465
java.security.interfaces package, 137, 466-469
java.security.spec package, 137, 470-475
java.text package, 137, 476-496
java.util package, 137, 145, 497-543
java.util.jar package, 137, 544-549"
java.util.zip package, 137, 155, 550-560
javax.activation package, 179
javax.crypto package, 137, 163, 168, 561-575
javax.crypto.interfaces Package, 137, 576
javax.crypto.spec package, 137, 578-583
javax.infobus package, 179
javax.swing package, 178
JCE (Java Cryptography Extension), 168, 419, 561
jdb debugger, 227-231
JDK (see SDK)
JIT compiler, 4, 342
join() (Thread), 151, 370
joinGroup() (MulticastSocket), 405
JRE (Java Runtime Environment), 6
just-in-time (JIT) compilation, 4
JVM (see Java VM)

K
Key interface, 431
key-agreement algorithms, 567
KeyAgreement class, 567
KeyAgreementSpi class, 569
KeyException, 432
KeyFactory class, 432
KeyFactorySpi class, 433
KeyGenerator class, 561, 569
KeyGeneratorSpi class, 570
KeyPair class, 434
KeyPairGenerator class, 418, 434
KeyPairGeneratorSpi class, 435
keys() (Hashtable), 518
keys (cryptography)
   DES key, 579
   secret keys (symmetric), generating, 569
   SecretKey interface, 573
   triple-DES key (DESede), 578
keySet()
   Map interface, 525
   SortedMap interface, 533
KeySpec interface, 473
keystore, 231
KeyStore class, 418, 429, 435, 451
KeyStoreException, 436
KeyStoreSpi class, 437
keytool program, 163, 231-234

L
labeled statements, 45
language constructs, 42
languages
   European, numbers in, 141
   lexically scoped, 126
   non-English, 8
   pass-by-reference, 74
   pass-by-value, 74
last()
   BreakIterator class, 480
   CharacterIterator interface, 480
   SortedSet interface, 534
last-in-first-out (LIFO) stacks, 535
lastIndexOf(), 365
   List interface, 521
lastKey() (SortedMap), 533
lastModified() (File), 291
LastOwnerException, 455
leaveGroup() (MulticastSocket), 405
left shift (<<) operator, 39
left-to-right associativity, 31
legacy collections, 146
length()
   File class, 291
   String class, 365
less than (<) operator, 37
less than/equal to (<=) operator, 37
lexical scoping, 126
java.policy file, 172
LIFO (last-in-first-out) stacks, 535
line separators, conventions/rules for, 192
lineno(), 323
LineNumberInputStream class, 302
LineNumberReader class, 302
lines, blank, 15
{@link} doc-comment tag, 194, 197
LinkageError, 351
LinkedList class, 520
list()
   File class, 291, 294
   Properties class, 528
List interface, 497, 501, 520-521, 541
listeners
   BeanContextMembershipListener interface, 269
   BeanContextServiceRevokedListener, 272
   BeanContextServicesListener, 274
   EventListener, 515
   managing list of, 260
   PropertyChangeListener interface, 248, 252, 257
   TooManyListenersException, 538
   VetoableChangeListener interface, 256, 262
listFiles() (File), 291
ListIterator interface, 145, 497, 522
listIterator()
   AbstractSequentialList class, 501
   List interface, 521
ListResourceBundle class, 523
listRoots() (File), 291
lists, 145
literals, 29
load()
   KeyStore class, 435
   Properties class, 528
   Runtime class, 359
loadClass()
   ClassLoader class, 339
   URLClassLoader class, 413
loadImage() (SimpleBeanInfo), 261
loadLibrary(), 359
   System class, 369
load() (System), 369
local classes, 117, 124-127
   implementation, 132
   local variable scope and, 126
   restrictions on, 125
   scope of, 126
local variables, 45
   capitalization/naming conventions, 190
   scope of, 126
Locale class, 524
locks on objects, 151
Long class, 140, 328, 351
longBitsToDouble(), 343
lookup() (ObjectStreamClass), 309
looping, 16
lowerCaseMode(), 323

M
MAC, 561, 570
   (see also Mac class)
Mac class, 561, 570
MacSpi class, 572
main() method, 12
MalformedURLException, 404
Manifest class, 549
Map interface, 497, 525
   Entry interface, 526
   SortedMap interface, 533
   TreeMap class, 539
   WeakHashMap class, 542
mapLibraryName() (System), 369
maps, 145
mark()
   CertificateFactory class, 460
   CharArrayReader class, 286
   InputStream class, 299
   Reader class, 320
   StringReader class, 324
marker interfaces, 116
markSupported()
   InputStream class, 299
   Reader class, 320
math, 140-143
Math class, 142, 328, 352
   ArithmeticException, 330
max() (Collections), 510
member classes, 117, 119-123
   implementation, 131
   scope vs. inheritance, 123
   (see also inner classes)
Member interface, 386
members, 11
   access to, 106
      rules, list of, 108
   of classes, 82-88
members (class), 381
memory
   allocation, 74
   leaks, 93
   OutOfMemoryError, 357
   Runtime class and, 359
message authentication code (see MAC ; Mac class)
message digests, 156, 161, 168
MessageDigest class, 418, 437
MessageDigestSpi class, 438
MessageFormat class, 476, 490
messages, checking for tampering with, 161
method invocation (()) operator, 43
method parameters, 12
methods, 59-61, 110-112
   AbstractMethodError, 328
   capitalization/naming conventions, 190
   classes, 381
   Collections, 146
   data accessor, 108-110
   defining, 12
   end of, 15
   final, static method lookup and, 103
   IllegalAccessError, 346
   IllegalArgumentException, 346
   IllegalStateException, 347
   JavaBeans and, 180, 186
   main() , 12
   Method class, 387
   MethodDescriptor class, 255
   NoSuchMethodError, 354
   NoSuchMethodException, 354
   overriding, 101-104
      invoking overridden, 103
   parameters for, 12
   synchronized, 151
   unsupported, error, 375
Microsoft Windows (95/98/NT), SDK for, 9
MIME types, 398, 401
min() (Collections), 510
MissingResourceException, 527
mkdir() (File), 291
mkdirs() (File), 291
Modifer class, 381
modifiers, 11
   list of, 132-134
   Modifier class, 388
modInverse(), 393
modPow(), 393
modulo (%) operator, 34
MS-DOS window, 10
MulticastSocket class, 395, 405
multidimensional arrays, 68
multiline comments (/* */), 11, 20
multiple interfaces, 116
multiplication (*) operator, 34

N
Name class, 546
namespace, 76-78
naming conventions, 189
narrowing conversions, 27
native methods
   conventions/rules for, 190
   tool for, 221
native2ascii program, 234
nCopies() (Collections), 510
needsGui(), 263
NegativeArraySizeException, 353
NetPermission class, 405
network-centric programming, 7
networking, 158-161
   java.net Package, 395-417
   package for, 137
new operator for object creation, 43
newInstance(), 337
   Array class, 383
   Constructor class, 384
   URLClassLoader class, 413
newLine() (BufferedWriter), 284
newPermissionCollection() (Permission), 440
newProxyInstance() (Proxy), 389
next(), 501
   CharacterIterator interface, 480
   CollationElementIterator class, 482
   Iterator class, 497
   Iterator interface, 519
   ListIterator interface, 522
nextBoolean() (Random), 530
nextBytes()
   Random class, 530
   SecureRandom class, 447
nextDouble(), 530
nextElement()
   Enumeration class, 514
   StringTokenizer class, 535
nextFloat(), 530
nextGaussian(), 530
nextIndex() (ListIterator), 522
nextInt(), 530
nextLong(), 530
nextToken(), 323
   StringTokenizer class, 535
NoClassDefFoundError, 353
NoRouteToHostException, 406
NoSuchAlgorithmException, 439
NoSuchElementException, 522, 527
NoSuchFieldError, 354
NoSuchFieldException, 354
NoSuchMethodError, 354
NoSuchMethodException, 354
NoSuchPaddingException, 572
NoSuchProviderException, 439
not equals (!=) operator, 36
NotActiveException, 303
Notepad, 10
notify() (Object), 152, 347, 356, 370
notifyAll() (Object), 356
NotOwnerException, 455
NotSerializableException, 303
null reference, 74
NullCipher class, 572
NullPointerException, 355
NumberFormat class, 476
numbers, 140-143, 530
   comparing (Comparator class), 511
   DateFormat class, 484
   DecimalFormat class, 487
   Enumeration class, 514
   Number class, 355
   NumberFormat class, 491
   NumberFormatException, 355
   SimpleDateFormat class, 494
numeric values, 141

O
Object class, 328
object classes, 97
object creation, operator for, 43
object identifier (OID), 464
object literals, 63
object member access (.) operator, 42
object serialization
   Externalizable interface, 290
   NotSerializableException, 303
   ObjectInput interface, 303
   ObjectInputStream class, 282, 304
      GetField class, 305
   ObjectInputValidation class, 306
   ObjectOutput interface, 306
   ObjectOutputStream class, 282, 307
      PutField class, 308
   ObjectStreamConstants interface, 310
   ObjectStreamException, 311
   ObjectStreamField class, 311
   SealedObject class, 572
   Serializable interface, 321
object-oriented programming, 82-135
objects, 61-64
   AccessibleObject class, 381
   arrays of, converting to collections, 146
   collections of, 145
      package for, 137
   comparing, 73
   copying, 71
   creating, 62, 88-92
   destroying, 92-95
   finalizing, 92-95
   initializing, 88-92
   InvalidObjectException, 301
   NullPointerException, 355
   Object class, 356
   serializing/deserializing, 157
   threads and, 151
   using, 64
ObjectStreamClass class, 309
Observable class, 527
Observer interface, 528
of() (UnicodeBlock), 335
OID (object identifier), 464
okToUseGui(), 263
on()
   DigestInputStream class, 427
   DigestOutputStream class, 427
openConnection()
   HttpURLConnection class, 402
   URL class, 412
   URLStreamHandler class, 416
openStream() (URL), 412
operands, 17
   list of, 30
   number/type, 32
operators, 16, 29-34
   arithmetic, 34
   list of, 30
   special, 42
OptionalDataException, 312
order of evaluation, 33
ordinaryChar(), 323
ordinaryChars(), 323
OutOfMemoryError, 357
output, displaying, 14
output streams, 154-158
   BufferedOutputStream class, 280, 283
   ByteArrayOutputStream class, 280, 285
   CheckedOutputStream class, 551
   CipherOutputStream class, 566
   DataOutputStream class, 280, 289
   DeflaterOutputStream class, 550, 554
   FileOutputStream class, 280, 294
   FilterOutputStream class, 280, 297
   GZIPOutputStream class, 555
   JarOutputStream class, 548
   ObjectOutputStream class, 282, 307
   OutputStream class, 280, 312
   OutputStreamWriter class, 312
   package for, 136
   PipedOutputStream class, 280, 314
   StreamCorruptedException, 322
   system, 369
   ZipOutputStream class, 560
OutputStream class, 154
overriding
   methods, 101-104
   overrides, 101
   vs. shadowing, 102
overview.html file, 199
Owner interface, 455

P
Package class, 357
package.html file, 199
packages, 4, 76-78, 136
   access to, 105
   capitalization/naming conventions, 189
   defining, 76
   doc comments for, 199
   importing, 77
   key, list of, 136
   names, unique, 78
   not documented in this book, 137
packets of data, 161
padding schemes (cryptography), 572
   SunJCE cryptographic provider, supporting, 564
@param doc-comment tag, 195
ParameterDescriptor class, 256
parameters, 12
   capitalization/naming conventions, 190
parentheses ()
   in expressions, 33
   for method parameters, 12
parse(), 493
   DateFormat class, 485
   MessageFormat class, 491
   NumberFormat class, 492
parseByte(), 332
ParseException, 493
parseInt(), 14, 349
parseLong(), 351
parseNumbers(), 323
parseObject(), 493
   DateFormat class, 485
   Format class, 490
   NumberFormat class, 492
ParsePosition class, 493
parseShort(), 363
parsing
   input, 13
   integers, 14
pass-by-reference languages, 74
pass-by-value languages, 74
PasswordAuthentication class, 406
password-based encryption (PBE), 581
passwords, authenticating, 395
path separators, 200
PBE (password-based encryption), 581
PBEKeySpec class, 581
PBEParameterSpec class, 581
PBEWithMD5AndDES algorithm, 564
peek(), 535
performance, 8
Permission class, 171, 439
Permission interface
   java.security.acl Package, 456
PermissionCollection class, 440
permissions, 170
   accessing local filesystem, 295
   classes/subclasses, 173-177
   delayed resolution of, 452
   NetPermission class, 405
   PropertyPermission class, 529
   ReflectPermission class, 389
   restricted, 7
   serialization features, 322
   SocketPermission class, 410
   URLClassLoader class, 413
Permissions class, 418, 441
PhantomReference class, 377-378
PipedInputStream class, 157, 280, 313
PipedOutputStream class, 157, 280, 314
PipedReader class, 157, 314
PipedWriter class, 157, 315
PKCS#5 (password-based encryption algorithm), 581
PKCS8EncodedKeySpec interface, 473
platforms, 4
   (see also Java platform)
pleaseStop() method, 150
policies, 170
Policy class, 170, 418, 441
policytool program, 170, 172, 235
poll() (ReferenceQueue), 379
pop(), 535
portability
   certification program, 192
   conventions, 190-192
post-increment operator, 35
precedence, 31
pre-increment operator, 35
prev() (CharacterIterator), 480
previous(), 501
   BreakIterator class, 480
   ListIterator interface, 522
previousIndex() (ListIterator), 522
primary expressions, 29
primitive data types, 22-29
   boolean, 332
   char, 333
   double, 342
   float, 345
   int, 349
   long, 351
   short, 362
Principal interface, 442
print()
   PrintStream class, 315
   PrintWriter class, 316
println(), 155, 369
   PrintStream class, 315
   PrintWriter class, 316
printStackTrace(), 374
PrintStream class, 315
PrintWriter class, 282, 316
priority levels, 149
private key encryption, 418, 577
   Diffie-Hellman private key, 580
   DSA private key, 468
   RSA private key, 468
private keys, 162
   tool for, 231
PrivateKey interface, 442
   DSA, casting to, 468
   RSAPrivateCrtKey, casting to, 468
PrivilegedAction interface, 443
PrivilegedActionException, 443
PrivilegedExceptionAction, 443
procedures (see methods)
Process class, 161, 328, 358
processes, 161
programmers
   application, security for, 172
   beans, using, 179
   Java and, 4, 8
   system, security for, 171
programming, 7
   network-centric, 7
   (see also Java programming)
programs
   complete, conventions/rules for, 192
   defining, 79
   running, 79
properties, 110
   Properties class, 528
   PropertyChangeEvent class, 248, 252, 256
   PropertyChangeListener interface, 248, 252, 257
   PropertyChangeSupport class, 258
   PropertyDescriptor class, 258
   PropertyEditor interface, 259
   PropertyEditorManager class, 260
   PropertyEditorSupport class, 260
   PropertyPermission class, 529
   PropertyResourceBundle class, 530
   PropertyVetoException, 261
Properties class, 146
properties (JavaBeans), 179
   constrained, 184-186
   conventions for, 182
   indexed, 183
      conventions for, 183
PropertyChangeEvent class, 266
propertyNames(), 528
PropertyVetoException, 266-267
ProtectionDomain class, 418, 444
ProtocolException, 406
Provider class, 444
ProviderException class, 445
Proxy class, 381, 388
pseudo-random numbers, 142, 418, 446, 530
   Cipher class, 564
public key encryption, 162, 418, 577
   Diffie-Hellman public key, 581
   DSA public key, 468
   entities, 429
   package for, 137
   RSA public key, 469
   tool for, 231
public static void declaration, 12
PublicKey interface, 445
   RSA, setting to, 466
   RSAPublicKey, casting to, 469
push(), 535
pushBack(), 323
PushbackInputStream class, 318
PushbackReader class, 318
put()
   AbstractMap class, 500
   HashMap class, 516
   Hashtable class, 518
   Map interface, 525
   Properties class, 528
   TreeMap class, 539
putAll() (Map), 525
PutField class, 308
putFields() (Object(ObjectOutputStream), 307
putNextEntry()
   JarOutputStream class, 549
   ZipOutputStream class, 560

Q
quick reference material, generating, xvi
quoteChar(), 323

R
radians, 142
Random class, 142, 497, 530
RandomAccessFile class, 154, 280, 319
RC2ParameterSpec class, 582
RC5ParameterSpec class, 582
read(), 548
   CheckedInputStream class, 551
   DataInputStream class, 288
   DigestInputStream class, 427
   FileInputStream class, 293
   FilterInputStream class, 280
   GZIPInputStream class, 555
   InflaterInputStream class, 556
   InputStream class, 299
   Manifest class, 549
   Reader class, 320
   Socket class, 407
   ZipInputStream class, 559
Reader class, 154
readers
   BufferedReader class, 282-283
   CharArrayReader class, 286
   FileReader class, 296
   FilterReader class, 297
   InputStreamReader class, 300
   LineNumberReader class, 302
   PipedReader class, 314
   PushbackReader class, 318
   Reader class, 282, 320
   StringReader class, 324
readExternal(), 290
readFields() (ObjectInputStream), 304-305
readFully() (DataInputStream), 288
readLine()
   BufferedReader class, 282-283
   DataInputStream class, 288
   LineNumberReader class, 302
readObject()
   ObjectInputStream class, 304-306, 321
   OptionalDataException, 312
   Serializable interface, 303
readUnsignedByte() (DataInputStream), 288
readUnsignedShort() (DataInputStream), 288
readUTF() (DataInputStream), 288
ready() (Reader), 320
receive() (DatagramSocket), 399
rectangular arrays, 69
Reference class, 377-378
reference types, 28, 70-76
   conversions, 75
ReferenceQueue class, 377, 379
references, 70
   null, 74
referent, 377
reflection, 147
   package for, 137
ReflectPermission class, 389
refresh() (Policy), 441
registerEditor (PropertyEditorManager), 260
registerValidation() (ObjectInputStream), 304, 306
releaseBeanContextResources() (BeanContextChildSupport), 267
releaseService()
   BeanContextServiceProvider interface, 270
   BeanContextServices interface, 272
remove()
   AbstractList class, 500
   AbstractMap class, 500
   BCSIterator class, 279
   Collection interface, 508
   HashSet class, 517
   Hashtable class, 518
   Iterator class, 497
   Iterator interface, 519
   LinkedList class, 520
   List interface, 521
   ListIterator interface, 522
   Map interface, 525
   ReferenceQueue class, 379
   TreeMap class, 539
   TreeSet class, 539
removeAll() (Collection), 508
removeElementAt() (Vector), 540
removePropertyChangeListener(), 252, 260
removeShutdownHook(), 359
renameTo() (File), 291
repetitive tasks, threads for, 150
replace() (StringBuffer), 365
requestPasswordAuthentication() (Authenticator), 396, 405
reserved words, 22
reset()
   ByteArrayOutputStream class, 285
   CertificateFactory class, 460
   CharArrayReader class, 286
   CharArrayWriter class, 286
   Checksum interface, 552
   InputStream class, 299
   MessageDigest class, 437
   Reader class, 320
   StringReader class, 324
resetSyntax(), 323
ResourceBundle class, 497, 531
   Java programming
      books, xiii
      language, 19
      tutorial, 17
      web sites, xiv
   JavaBeans API event model, 180
   portability certification program (Sun), 192
   quick reference material, generating, xvi
   RMI tool, 200
   security, 172
   standard extensions, 137
restrictions
   on anonymous classes, 129
   on local classes, 125
   on member classes, 121
   on static member classes, 119
resume() (Thread), 370
retainAll() (Collection), 508
@return doc-comment tag, 195
return statements, 53
return types, 33
return values, 12
returning results, 17
reverse() (Collections), 510
reverseOrder() (Collections), 510
revokeService() (BeanContextServices), 273
right-to-left associativity, 31
roll(), 506
root directories, listing, 291
RSA and DSA public and private keys, 466
   representing and encoding, 470-475
RSAKey interface, 468
RSAKeyGenParameterSpec interface, 474
RSAPrivateCrtKey interface, 468
RSAPrivateCrtKeySpec interface, 474
RSAPrivateKey interface, 469
RSAPrivateKeySpec interface, 474
RSAPublicKey interface, 466, 469
RSAPublicKeySpec interface, 475
RuleBasedCollator class, 494
rules, 181
   pure Java, 190-192
   (see also conventions)
run(), 149
   PrivilegedAction interface, 443
   PrivilegedExceptionAction, 443
   Runnable interface, 358
   Thread class, 370
   TimerTask class, 537
runFinalization(), 359
   System class, 369
Runnable interface, 149, 358
running programs, 10
Runtime class, 328, 359
RuntimeException, 360
RuntimePermission class, 360

S
sameFile(), 412
   URL class, 412
"sandbox", 168
save() (Properties), 528
schedule() (Timer), 536
scheduleAtFixedRate() (Timer), 536
scheduledExecutionTime() (TimerTask), 537
scope
   vs. inheritance for member classes, 123
   of local classes, 126
SDK (Software Development Kit), 6
   downloads, 9
   tools, 200-236
SealedObject class, 165, 572
searching arrays, 144
SecretKey interface, 163, 573
SecretKeyFactory class, 573
SecretKeyFactorySpi class, 574
SecretKeySpec class, 582
secure hash (see message digests)
SecureClassLoader class, 446
SecureRandom class, 418, 446
SecureRandomSpi class, 447
security, 7, 161-163, 166-177
   access control lists (ACLs), working with, 453-456
   architecture, 167
   certificates, working with, 457-465
   default, 172
   DSA and RSA public and private key representations, 470-475
   GeneralSecurityException, 428
   interfaces package, 466-469
   java.security Package, 418-452
   NetPermission class, 405
   packets, sending/receiving, 399
   permission to access files, 295
   ReflectPermission class, 389
   risks, 166
   RunTimePermission class, 361
   Security class, 448
   SecurityException, 361
   SecurityManager class, 361
   SecurityPermission class, 448
   socket permissions, 410
   system properties, granting access to, 529
   tool for policy configuration files, 235
   URLClassLoader class, 413
   users, 171-173
SecurityManager class, 168, 170
@see doc-comment tag, 196
seek(), 319
self-reflection, 147
semicolon (;)
   in program lines, 10
   separating statements, 13
send()
   DatagramSocket class, 399
   MulticastSocket class, 405
separators, file/path, 200
SequenceInputStream class, 321
sequential data (see streaming data)
@serial doc-comment tag, 198
@serialData doc-comment tag, 198
@serialField doc-comment tag, 198
Serializable interface, 321
SerializablePermission class, 322
serializing objects, 157
serialver program, 236
ServerSocket class, 159, 395, 407
service provider interface, 418
   CertificateFactory class, 461
   CipherSpi class, 566
   javax.crypto Package, 561
   KeyAgreementSpi class, 569
   KeyGeneratorSpi class, 570
   KeyStoreSpi class, 437
   MacSpi class, 572
   message-digest algorithms, 438
   SecretKeyFactorySpi class, 574
   secure random number generation, 447
serviceAvailable() (BeanContextServicesListener), 274
serviceRevoked() (BeanContextServiceRevokedListener), 272
services protocol (JavaBeans), 187
set(), 414, 500
   Array class, 383
   ArrayList class, 502
   Calendar class, 506
   Field class, 384
   LinkedList class, 520
   List interface, 521
   ListIterator interface, 501, 522
   ThreadLocal class, 373
set accessor method, 181
Set interface, 497, 532
   AbstractSet class, 502
   SortedSet interface, 534
setAccessible() (AccessibleObject), 381, 389
setAllowUserInteraction(), 414
setBeanContext(), 188, 266
setBound() (PropertyDescriptor), 258
setCalendar() (DateFormat), 485
setCertificateEntry() (KeyStore), 435
setCharAt() (StringBuffer), 366
setConstrained() (PropertyDescriptor), 258
setContentHandlerFactory() (ContentHandlerFactor), 398
setContextClassLoader() (Thread) , 370
setDaemon() (Thread), 370
setDatagramSocketImplFactory() (DatagramSocket), 401
setDefault() (Authenticator), 395, 405
setDefaultAllowUserInteraction(), 414
setDefaultUseCaches(), 414
setDesignTime(), 251
setDisplayName(), 253
setDoInput(), 414
setDoOutput(), 414
setElementAt() (Vector), 540
setEndRule() (SimpleTimeZone), 532
setErr() (System), 369
setExpert(), 253
setFollowRedirects(), 402
setFormat() (MessageFormat), 491
setGroupingUsed() (NumberFormat), 491
setGuiAvailable(), 251
setHidden(), 253
setIfModifiedSince(), 414
setIn() (System), 369
setInDefaultEventSet(), 252
setIndex()
   CharacterIterator interface, 481
   ParsePosition class, 493
setInput()
   Deflater class, 553
   Inflater class, 556
setKeepAlive() (Socket), 407
setKeyEntry() (KeyStore), 435
setLastModified() (File), 291
setLevel() (ZipOutputStream), 549, 560
setLineNumber() (LineNumberReader), 302
setLocale() (MessageFormat), 491
setMaximumFractionDigits() (NumberFormat), 491
setMaxPriority() (ThreadGroup), 372
setMethod(), 549
   ZipOutputStream class, 560
setName()
   FeatureDescriptor class, 253
   Thread class, 370
setNegativePermissions() (AclEntry), 454
setObject(), 252
setOption() (SocketOptions), 410
setOut() (System), 369
setPolicy() (Policy), 441, 448
setPriority() (Thread), 370
setProperties() (System), 368
setProperty()
   Properties class, 528
   System interface, 529
setPropertyEditorClass(), 258
setReadOnly() (File), 291
setReceiveBufferSize()
   DatagramSocket class, 400
   Socket class, 407
setRequestMethod(), 402
sets, 145
setSecurityManager() (System), 369
setSeed(), 530
   SecureRandom class, 447
setSendBufferSize()
   DatagramSocket class, 400
   Socket class, 407
setShortDescription(), 253
setSoTimeout()
   DatagramSocket class, 400
   Socket class, 407
setStartRule() (SimpleTimeZone), 532
setStrength() (Collator), 484
setTcpNoDelay() (Socket), 407
setText() (BreakIterator), 479
setTimeToLive() (MulticastSocket), 405
setTimeZone() (DateFormat), 485
setTime() (Calendar), 506
setUnicast(), 252
setUseCaches(), 414
setValue()
   Entry interface, 526
   FeatureDescriptor class, 253
shadowing
   fields, 100
   vs. overriding, 102
shift operators, 38
Short class, 140, 328, 362
ShortBufferException, 574
shuffle() (Collections), 510
shutdownInput() (Socket), 407
shutdownOutput() (Socket), 407
side effects, 33
sign() (Signature), 449
Signature class, 418, 448
SignatureException, 450
signatures, 60
SignatureSpi class, 450
signed right shift (>>) operator, 40
SignedObject class, 163, 419, 450
Signer class, 451
SimpleBeanInfo class, 250, 261
SimpleDateFormat class, 476, 494
SimpleTimeZone class, 532
@since doc-comment tag, 198
single character (}), 15
single-line comments (//), 20
singleton() (Collections), 510
singletonList() (Collections), 510
singletonMap() (Collections) , 510
size(), 500-501
   AbstractCollection class, 497
   BeanContextMembershipEvent class, 269
   CharArrayWriter class, 286
   DataOutputStream class, 289
   Map interface, 525
   Vector class, 540
skip()
   CheckedInputStream class, 551
   InflaterInputStream class, 556
   InputStream class, 299
   Reader class, 320
   ZipInputStream class, 559
skipBytes(), 288
slashSlashComments(), 323
slashStarComments(), 323
sleep() (Thread), 370
Socket class, 158
SocketOptions interface, 410
SocketPermission class, 410
sockets
   BindException, 397
   ConnectException, 398
   DatagramSocket class, 395, 399
   DatagramSocketImpl class, 400
   MulticastSocket class, 395, 405
   ServerSocket class, 407
   Socket class, 395, 407
   SocketException, 409
   SocketImpl class, 409
   SocketImplFactory interface, 410
   unable to connect to remote host, 406
SoftReference class, 377, 379
software components
   package for, 136
   reusable, 178
Software Development Kit (see SDK)
Solaris operating system, SDK for, 9
SortedMap interface, 497, 533
SortedSet interface, 497, 534
sorting arrays, 144
sort()
   Arrays class, 503
   Collections class, 509
spaces, 15
spaces in doc comments, 194
special effects, threads for, 150
SPI (see service provider interface)
Stack class, 535
   EmptyStackException, 514
StackOverflowError, 363
stacks
   LinkedList, well-suited for, 520
standard extensions, 6
   conventions/rules for, 192
start () method, 149
startsWith(), 365
start() (Thread), 370
statements, 13, 43-59
   break, 52
   compound, 44
   continue, 53
   do, 50
   empty, 45
   expression, 44
   for, 51
   if/else, 46
   labeled, 45
   local variable declaration, 45
   return, 53
   switch, 48
   synchronized, 54
   throw, 55
   try/catch/finally, 57
   types, list of, 43
   while, 50
static member classes, 117-118
   implementation, 131
static method lookup, 103
stop(), 150
   Thread class, 370
store()
   KeyStore class, 436
   Properties class, 528
StreamCorruptedException, 322
streaming data, 154
   (see also input streams; output streams)
StreamTokenizer class, 323
StrictMath class, 364
String class, 138
StringBuffer class, 139, 366
strings, 26, 138-140
   concatenation, 367
   String class, 328, 365
   StringBuffer class, 328
   StringBufferInputStream class, 324
   StringCharacterIterator class, 495
   StringIndexOutOfBoundsException, 368
   StringReader class, 324
   StringTokenizer class, 497, 535
   StringWriter class, 325
StringTokenizer class, 139
StringWriter class, 157
strongly typed languages, 13
subclass constructors, 97
subclasses, 95-104
   Permission, 173-177
subList(), (List)
subMap() (SortedMap), 533
subroutines (see methods)
Subset class, 335
subSet() (SortedSet), 534
substraction (-) operator, 34
substring() (StringBuffer), 365
SunJCE cryptographic provider, 561
   cryptographic algorithms, supporting, 563
   Diffie-Hellman key-agreement algorithm, supporting, 567
   key-generation implementations, supporting, 569
   message authentication algorithms, supporting, 570
   padding schemes, supporting, 564
   RC2 encryption algorithm, not supporting, 582
   RC5 encryption algorithm, not supporting, 582
   SecretKeyFactory implementations, supporting, 573
superclasses, 97
   fields, shadowing, 100
   methods, overriding, 101-104
suspend() (Thread), 370
Swing programmming, 178
switch statements, 48
symmetric keys, 163
SyncFailedException, 325
synchronized methods (Collections), 510
synchronized statements, 54
synchronizedList() (Collections), 502, 520
synchronizedSet() (Collections), 517, 540
synchronizing threads, 151
   IllegalMonitorStateException, 347
system administrators, security for, 172
System class, 144, 328, 368
system programmers, security for, 171
system properties, read and write access control, 529

T
tabs, 15
tailMap() (SortedMap), 533
tailSet() (SortedSet), 534
ternary (three-operand) operators, 41
text
   displaying, 155
   outputing to file, 155
text editors, 10
text files, reading, 154
Thread class, 149, 370
thread synchronization
   IllegalMonitorStateException, 347
ThreadDeath error, 372
ThreadGroup class, 372
ThreadLocal class, 373
threads, 149-152
   IllegalThreadStateException, 347
   inheritance, 348
   InterruptedException, 350
   multiple, caution with, 151
   safety, 510, 518, 541
   synchronizing, 151
   terminating, 150
   Thread class, 328, 370
   ThreadDeath error, 372
   ThreadGroup class, 372
   waiting, list of, 152
throw statements, 55
Throwable interface, 328, 374
throwing exceptions, 18
@throws doc-comment tag, 196
Timer class, 150, 497, 536
TimerTask class, 150, 497, 537
times, 143
time-to-live (TTL) values, 405
TimeZone class, 497, 537
   SimpleTimeZone class, 532
toArray()
   BeanContextMembershipEvent class, 269
   Collection interface, 508
toBinaryString()
   Integer class, 349
   Long class, 351
toByteArray() (ByteArrayOutputStream), 285
toCharArray() (CharArrayWriter), 286, 365
toHexString()
   Integer class, 349
   Long class, 351
tokenizing words, 139
toLowerCase(), 365
toOctalString()
   Integer class, 349
   Long class, 351
tools, 200-236
TooManyListenersException, 538
toPattern()
   ChoiceFormat class, 481
   MessageFormat class, 491
toString()
   Byte class, 332
   ByteArrayOutputStream class, 285
   CharArrayWriter class, 286
   Integer class, 349
   Long class, 351
   MessageFormat class, 490
   Object class, 356
   PrintStream class, 315
   Short class, 363
   StringBuffer class, 366
   StringWriter class, 325
   Subset class, 335
totalMemory(), 359
toUpperCase(), 365
traceInstructions(), 359
traceMethodCalls(), 359
TreeMap class, 539
TreeSet class, 539
trim(), 365
trimToSize() (ArrayList), 502
triple-DES key, 578
try clause, 58
try/catch/finally statements, 57
TTL values, 405
type conversions, 27, 43
types, 147

U
Unicode, 20, 190
   currency symbols, 21
   PrintStream class and, 315
   subset, 335
   UnicodeBlock class, 335
   UTFDataFormatException, 326
unary minus (-), 35
unary (~) operator (see bitwise complement operator)
uncaughtException() (ThreadGroup), 372
UndeclaredThrowableException, 386, 389
undecremented values, 36
underscore (_) in identifier name, 21
unicast events (JavaBeans), 180
uniform resource locator (see URLs)
UnknownError, 374
UnknownHostException, 411
UnknownServiceException, 412
unmodifiable methods (Collection), 510
unread()
   PushbackInputStream class, 318
   PushbackReader class, 318
UnrecoverableKeyException, 451
unreliable datagram packets, 399
UnresolvedPermission class, 452
UnsatisfiedLinkError, 375
unsigned right shift (>>>) operator, 40
UnsupportedClassVersionError, 375
UnsupportedEncodingException, 325
UnsupportedOperationException, 375, 509-510, 519
until loop, 16
untrusted code, 166-172
update()
   Checksum interface, 552
   Cipher class, 564
   MessageDigest class, 437
   Observable class, 527
   Observer interface, 528
   Signature class, 449
URLs, 158
   examples in this book, xv
   HttpURLConnection class, 402
   InfoBus standard extension, 179
   JAR archive URLs, 404
   Java Activation Framework standard extension, 179
   Java language specification, 19
   MalformedURLException, 404
   URL class, 158, 160, 395, 412
   URLClassLoader class, 413
   URLConnection class, 395, 414
   URLDecoder class, 416
   URLEncoder class, 416
   URLStreamHandler class, 416
   URLStreamHandlerFactory interface, 417
   Java programming, xiv
      tutorial, 17
   JavaBeans conventions, 179
   portability certification program (Sun), 192
   quick reference material, generating, xvi
   SDK, 9
   security, 172
useProtocolVersion() (ObjectOutputStream), 310
user preference files, Properties class and, 146
username and password, encapsulating, 406
users, security and, 171-173
UTF-8 encoding
   UTFDataFormatException, 326
UTFDataFormatException, 326

V
validateObject() (ObjectInputValidation), 306
validatePendingAdd()(BeanContextSupport), 277
validatePendingSetBeanContext() (BeanContextChildSupport), 267
validation
   InvalidObjectException, 301
   ObjectInputValidation class, 306
valueOf()
   Boolean class, 332
   Byte class, 332
   Float class, 345
   Integer class, 349
   Long class, 351
   Short class, 363
   String class, 365
values() (Map), 525
variable scope, 15
variables, 13, 29
   declaring, 13
   IllegalAccessError, 346
   local, 45
      capitalization/naming conventions, 190
Vector class, 145, 540
VerifyError, 375
verify()
   Certificate class, 457
   Signature class, 449
   SignedObject class, 450
   X509Certificate class, 462
   X509CRL class, 463
VerifyError, 375
@version doc-comment tag, 195
VetoableChangeListener interface, 256, 262, 266
VetoableChangeSupport class, 262
vetoableChange(), 262
VirtualMachineError, 376
visibility
   members, working with, 381
   Visibility interface, 263
VM implementations, 4
Void class, 376

W
wait() (Object), 152, 347, 370, 356
waitFor(), 358
weak references, package for, 136
WeakHashMap class, 542
WeakReference class, 377, 380
while loop, 16
while statements, 50
whitespaceChars(), 323
widening conversions, 27
wizards, 181
wordChars(), 323
WordPad, 10
write(), 326, 549
   BufferedWriter class, 284
   CharArrayWriter class, 286
   CheckedOutputStream class, 552
   DataOutputStream class, 289
   DeflaterOutputStream class, 554
   DigestOutputStream class, 427
   FileOutputStream classes, 294
   FilterOutputStream class, 280
   FilterWriter class, 298
   GZIPOutputStream class, 555
   Manifest class, 549
   ObjectOutputStream class, 308
   OutputStream class, 312
   PrintWriter class, 316
   StringWriter class, 325
   ZipOutputStream class, 560
"Write once, run anywhere", 6, 190
WriteAbortedException, 326
writeExternal(), 290
writeFields() (ObjectOutputStream), 307
writeObject()
   ObjectOutputStream class, 307-308, 321
   Serializable interface, 303
writeReplace() (Certificate), 459
writers
   BufferedWriter class, 284
   CharArrayWriter class, 286
   FileWriter class, 296
   FilterWriter class, 298
   OutputStreamWriter class, 312
   PipedWriter class, 315
   PrintWriter class, 282, 316
   StringWriter class, 325
   Writer class, 154, 282, 326
writeTo() (CharArrayWriter), 286
writeUTF() (DataOutputStream), 289

X
X509Certificate class, 457, 460, 462
   (see also Certificate class)
X509CRL class, 457, 460-461, 463
   (see also CRL class)
X509CRLEntry class, 464
   (see also CRLEntry class)
X509EncodedKeySpec interface, 475
X509Extension interface, 464
xterm window, 10

Y
yield() (Thread), 370

Z
ZIP files, JAR files vs., 544
ZIP files, package for, 137
ZipEntry class, 557
ZipException, 558
ZipFile class, 156, 558
ZipInputStream class, 559
ZipOutputStream class, 560